feat: boulders

AGENTS.md

@@ -58,7 +58,9 @@ rules live in `.agents/rules/*.md`.
     edge peaks. `Terrain.ground` builds the outdoor mesh with a hole for the room;
     `Terrain.height` is the shared ground-height sampler for the player), `Tree`
     (procedural low-poly oak/spruce geometry, sapling..full via a `growth` knob;
-    `Tree.build` appends into shared trunk + foliage meshes).
+    `Tree.build` appends into shared trunk + foliage meshes), `Boulder`
+    (procedural low-poly rock: a squashed, jittered, part-buried sphere;
+    `Boulder.build` appends into a shared mesh).
 - `app/` — browser glue.
   - `main.ts` — game loop, input, preset switching, canvas blit, FPS meter.
   - `assets.ts` — load `/assets/*.png` → `Texture` (zero-copy; ImageData bytes
@@ -66,10 +68,11 @@ rules live in `.agents/rules/*.md`.
   - `level.ts` — builds the playground: a flat stone-floored room (three thick
     walls via `slab`, north side open) in the center of a big grassy `Terrain`
     world (~20x across).
-    Per-texture meshes incl. the outdoor grass `ground` and a scattered forest
+    Per-texture meshes incl. the outdoor grass `ground`, a scattered forest
     (`scatterTrees` → `trunks`/`oakFoliage`/`spruceFoliage`, `TREE_COUNT`/`_SEED`/
-    `_REACH`), `Aabb` colliders (incl. grown-tree trunks), NPC position, `Terrain`
+    `_REACH`) and `boulders` (`scatterBoulders`, `BOULDER_COUNT`/`_SEED`/`_REACH`),
-    config + `GROUND_DIVISIONS`/`GROUND_UV`, sky/cloud config.
+    `Aabb` colliders (incl. grown-tree trunks + big boulders), NPC position,
+    `Terrain` config + `GROUND_DIVISIONS`/`GROUND_UV`, sky/cloud config.
     The stone floor is lifted by `FLOOR_LIFT` (a z-bias) so it stays clean over the
     terrain skirt that laps under the room edges. Room surfaces are single flat
     quads -- no subdivision needed since texturing is perspective-correct; ground
@@ -83,9 +86,9 @@ rules live in `.agents/rules/*.md`.
   `#fps` meter div (styled inline).
 - `scripts/gen-assets.ts` — procedurally draws the placeholder textures and
   writes PNGs (hand-rolled encoder via `node:zlib`). Run via `bun run assets`.
-- `assets/` — generated `floor/grass/bark/leaf/needle/wall/crate/npc` PNGs
+- `assets/` — generated `floor/grass/bark/leaf/needle/rock/wall/crate/npc` PNGs
   (`floor` = room stone, `grass` = outdoor ground, `bark`/`leaf`/`needle` = tree
-  trunk/oak/spruce). Swap for real art anytime;
+  trunk/oak/spruce, `rock` = boulders). Swap for real art anytime;
   filenames are the contract.
 - `server/` — Bun server stub. `shared/` — isomorphic slot.
 
@@ -93,8 +96,8 @@ rules live in `.agents/rules/*.md`.
 
 `Player.update` → build `Camera` → `Camera.viewProjection` →
 `Sky.render` (fills color + resets depth, replaces a clear) →
-`Rasterizer.draw` ground, floor, walls, crate, tree trunks, oak foliage, spruce
+`Rasterizer.draw` ground, floor, walls, crate, boulders, tree trunks, oak
-foliage (one call per texture) →
+foliage, spruce foliage (one call per texture) →
 `Sprite.billboard(npc)` drawn via `Rasterizer.draw` →
 `Framebuffer.quantize` → `present` (integer-scale, letterboxed blit;
 `imageSmoothingEnabled` follows `upscaleFilter`).
@@ -152,6 +155,12 @@ canopy blobs (oak) / tiers (spruce); `seed` gives each tree its own wobble.
 (one bark trunk mesh, oak-leaf and spruce-needle foliage meshes). `app/level.ts`
 `scatterTrees` seeds the forest; add a species by extending the union + a builder.
 
+**Boulders** (`engine/scene/Boulder.ts`) work the same way: `Boulder.build`
+appends a squashed, per-vertex-jittered low-poly sphere (seam/pole-safe so it
+never cracks) into one shared rock mesh, sunk partway into the ground.
+`scatterBoulders` sizes them small→big (biased small) and drops colliders on the
+big ones.
+
 ## Controls
 
 WASD move · **Shift** run (speed ×`RUN_MULTIPLIER` in `app/player.ts`) · mouse

app/assets.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import grassUrl from "../assets/grass.png"
 import leafUrl from "../assets/leaf.png"
 import needleUrl from "../assets/needle.png"
 import npcUrl from "../assets/npc.png"
+import rockUrl from "../assets/rock.png"
 import wallUrl from "../assets/wall.png"
 
 export type Textures = {
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ export type Textures = {
   bark: Texture
   leaf: Texture
   needle: Texture
+  rock: Texture
   wall: Texture
   crate: Texture
   npc: Texture
@@ -21,17 +23,18 @@ export type Textures = {
 
 /** Load every game texture up front. Call once before starting the loop. */
 export async function loadTextures(): Promise<Textures> {
-  const [floor, grass, bark, leaf, needle, wall, crate, npc] = await Promise.all([
+  const [floor, grass, bark, leaf, needle, rock, wall, crate, npc] = await Promise.all([
     loadTexture(floorUrl),
     loadTexture(grassUrl),
     loadTexture(barkUrl),
     loadTexture(leafUrl),
     loadTexture(needleUrl),
+    loadTexture(rockUrl),
     loadTexture(wallUrl),
     loadTexture(crateUrl),
     loadTexture(npcUrl),
   ])
-  return { floor, grass, bark, leaf, needle, wall, crate, npc }
+  return { floor, grass, bark, leaf, needle, rock, wall, crate, npc }
 }
 
 function loadTexture(url: string): Promise<Texture> {

app/level.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Color } from "../engine/render/Color"
 import type { CloudLayer, SkyConfig } from "../engine/render/Sky"
 import type { Mesh } from "../engine/scene/Mesh"
+import { Boulder } from "../engine/scene/Boulder"
 import { Terrain } from "../engine/scene/Terrain"
 import { Tree } from "../engine/scene/Tree"
 
@@ -31,6 +32,8 @@ export type Level = {
    *  each takes its own texture in one draw call. */
   oakFoliage: Mesh
   spruceFoliage: Mesh
+  /** Scattered boulders (rock texture). */
+  boulders: Mesh
   colliders: Aabb[]
   npcPosition: { x: number; y: number; z: number }
   terrain: Terrain
@@ -71,6 +74,12 @@ const TREE_COUNT = 500
 const TREE_SEED = 0x5EED
 const TREE_REACH = 0.6
 
+/** Boulders: how many to scatter, their seed, and how far out they reach
+ *  (fraction of the world). Sizes range small pebble .. big boulder. */
+const BOULDER_COUNT = 70
+const BOULDER_SEED = 0xB0142
+const BOULDER_REACH = 0.7
+
 /** Outdoor ground mesh resolution. A fixed grid over the whole world, so cell
  *  size (and cost) is set here, not by the world's size: bigger `outer` gives
  *  chunkier terrain, not more triangles. `GROUND_UV` sets texture tiles/unit. */
@@ -156,7 +165,11 @@ export function buildLevel(): Level {
   const spruceFoliage = mesh()
   scatterTrees(trunks, oakFoliage, spruceFoliage, colliders)
 
-  return { floor, walls, crate, ground, trunks, oakFoliage, spruceFoliage, colliders, npcPosition, terrain: TERRAIN, sky }
+  // Scatter boulders across the terrain; big ones get colliders.
+  const boulders = mesh()
+  scatterBoulders(boulders, colliders)
+
+  return { floor, walls, crate, ground, trunks, oakFoliage, spruceFoliage, boulders, colliders, npcPosition, terrain: TERRAIN, sky }
 }
 
 /** Place `TREE_COUNT` trees around the room on walkable grass: each sits on the
@@ -188,6 +201,32 @@ function scatterTrees(trunks: Mesh, oakFoliage: Mesh, spruceFoliage: Mesh, colli
   }
 }
 
+/** Scatter `BOULDER_COUNT` boulders across the terrain, sizes biased toward
+ *  small. Each sits on the ground; big ones drop a blocking collider so you
+ *  can't walk through them (little rocks stay passable). */
+function scatterBoulders(boulders: Mesh, colliders: Aabb[]): void {
+  const rand = mulberry(BOULDER_SEED)
+  const maxDist = TERRAIN.outer * BOULDER_REACH
+  let placed = 0
+  for (let guard = 0; placed < BOULDER_COUNT && guard < BOULDER_COUNT * 20; guard++) {
+    const angle = rand() * Math.PI * 2
+    const dist = ARENA + 4 + rand() * (maxDist - ARENA - 4)
+    const x = Math.cos(angle) * dist
+    const z = Math.sin(angle) * dist
+    if (Math.max(Math.abs(x), Math.abs(z)) < TERRAIN.inner + 2) {
+      continue
+    }
+    // Square the roll so most rocks are small, a few are big.
+    const radius = 0.35 + rand() * rand() * 2.2
+    const position = { x, y: Terrain.height(TERRAIN, x, z), z }
+    Boulder.build({ position, radius, seed: (rand() * 0xFFFFFFFF) | 0 }, boulders)
+    if (radius > 0.7) {
+      colliders.push({ minX: x - radius, maxX: x + radius, minZ: z - radius, maxZ: z + radius, top: position.y + radius * 0.7, standable: false })
+    }
+    placed++
+  }
+}
+
 /** Deterministic 0..1 generator (mulberry32) for tree placement. */
 function mulberry(seed: number): () => number {
   let a = seed >>> 0

app/main.ts

@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
     Rasterizer.draw(fb, level.floor, textures.floor, viewProj, config)
     Rasterizer.draw(fb, level.walls, textures.wall, viewProj, config)
     Rasterizer.draw(fb, level.crate, textures.crate, viewProj, config)
+    Rasterizer.draw(fb, level.boulders, textures.rock, viewProj, config)
     Rasterizer.draw(fb, level.trunks, textures.bark, viewProj, config)
     Rasterizer.draw(fb, level.oakFoliage, textures.leaf, viewProj, config)
     Rasterizer.draw(fb, level.spruceFoliage, textures.needle, viewProj, config)

engine/scene/Boulder.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import type { Vec3 } from "../math/Vec3"
+import type { Mesh } from "./Mesh"
+
+const TAU = Math.PI * 2
+
+/** One procedural boulder. `radius` is the overall size; `seed` drives the
+ *  per-rock lumpiness and squash so no two look alike. It sits partly sunk into
+ *  the ground at `position`, like a real rock. */
+export type Boulder = {
+  /** Resting point on the ground (the rock is centered a bit above and buried). */
+  position: Vec3
+  radius: number
+  seed: number
+}
+
+/**
+ * Low-poly boulder geometry in the same faceted flat-shaded style as the rest of
+ * the world. A squashed, per-vertex-jittered sphere reads as an angular chunk of
+ * rock once flat shading gives each face its own tone. Radial jitter is kept
+ * seam- and pole-safe (the longitude wrap and both poles reuse one value) so the
+ * rock never cracks open. `build` appends into a caller-owned mesh, so a whole
+ * field of boulders batches into a single draw call.
+ */
+export namespace Boulder {
+  export function build(boulder: Boulder, mesh: Mesh): void {
+    const rand = rng(boulder.seed)
+    const seg = 5
+    const rings = 4
+    const r = boulder.radius
+    // Squat and slightly oval, so it reads as a rock, not a ball.
+    const sx = r * (0.8 + rand() * 0.5)
+    const sy = r * (0.55 + rand() * 0.3)
+    const sz = r * (0.8 + rand() * 0.5)
+    const cx = boulder.position.x
+    const cz = boulder.position.z
+    // Center lifted less than the half-height, so the base sinks into the ground.
+    const cy = boulder.position.y + sy * 0.55
+
+    const jitter = jitterGrid(seg, rings, rand)
+    const start = mesh.vertices.length
+    for (let ir = 0; ir <= rings; ir++) {
+      const phi = (ir / rings) * Math.PI
+      const cyv = Math.cos(phi)
+      const crv = Math.sin(phi)
+      for (let is = 0; is <= seg; is++) {
+        const theta = (is / seg) * TAU
+        const j = jitter[ir][is]
+        mesh.vertices.push({
+          pos: {
+            x: cx + crv * Math.cos(theta) * sx * j,
+            y: cy + cyv * sy * j,
+            z: cz + crv * Math.sin(theta) * sz * j,
+          },
+          uv: { x: (is / seg) * 1.5, y: (ir / rings) * 1.5 },
+        })
+      }
+    }
+    const row = seg + 1
+    for (let ir = 0; ir < rings; ir++) {
+      for (let is = 0; is < seg; is++) {
+        const p = start + ir * row + is
+        mesh.indices.push(p, p + 1, p + row + 1, p, p + row + 1, p + row)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Per-vertex radial scale in ~0.72..1.14 for a chunky, angular surface. The
+   *  longitude seam (last column == first) and each pole row (one shared value)
+   *  match so the mesh stays closed. */
+  function jitterGrid(seg: number, rings: number, rand: () => number): number[][] {
+    const grid: number[][] = []
+    for (let ir = 0; ir <= rings; ir++) {
+      const pole = ir === 0 || ir === rings
+      grid[ir] = []
+      for (let is = 0; is <= seg; is++) {
+        if (is === seg || (pole && is > 0)) {
+          grid[ir][is] = grid[ir][0]
+        } else {
+          grid[ir][is] = 0.72 + rand() * 0.42
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return grid
+  }
+
+  /** Deterministic 0..1 generator (mulberry32) seeded per boulder. */
+  function rng(seed: number): () => number {
+    let a = seed >>> 0
+    return () => {
+      a = (a + 0x6D2B79F5) | 0
+      let t = Math.imul(a ^ (a >>> 15), 1 | a)
+      t ^= t + Math.imul(t ^ (t >>> 7), 61 | t)
+      return ((t ^ (t >>> 14)) >>> 0) / 4294967296
+    }
+  }
+}

scripts/gen-assets.ts

@@ -142,6 +142,15 @@ const needle: Shade = (x, y) => {
   return [40 + n * 0.4 + clump * 0.3, 84 + n + streak + clump, 58 + n * 0.5 + clump * 0.4, 255]
 }
 
+// Boulder rock: cool grey, mottled patches, the odd dark crack.
+const rock: Shade = (x, y) => {
+  const n = noise(x, y) * 20
+  const patch = noise(Math.floor(x / 7), Math.floor(y / 7)) * 16
+  const crack = noise(Math.floor(x / 5) + 3, Math.floor(y / 9)) < -0.5 ? -28 : 0
+  const g = 118 + n + patch + crack
+  return [g, g + 3, g + 8, 255]
+}
+
 const wall: Shade = (x, y) => {
   const row = Math.floor(y / 16)
   const bx = (x + (row % 2) * 16) % 32
@@ -199,6 +208,7 @@ const assets: Array<[string, number, number, Shade]> = [
   ["bark", 64, 64, bark],
   ["leaf", 64, 64, leaf],
   ["needle", 64, 64, needle],
+  ["rock", 64, 64, rock],
   ["wall", 64, 64, wall],
   ["crate", 64, 64, crate],
   ["npc", 48, 64, npc],